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第1篇 电气工程图基础知识
第1章 常用电气图形符号和文字符号
1.1 常用电气图形符号
1.1.1 常用符号要素、限定符号和其他常用图形符号
(1)轮廓和外壳(见表1-1)
表1-1 轮廓和外壳
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/15_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-H4mgCw9sPxYuClyQb5MqwcdyMx664Aco-0-9538f30ae479d2b402ffb8a92ec8e990)
(2)电流和电压的种类(见表1-2)
表1-2 电流和电压的种类
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/15_02.jpg?sign=1739617895-KbtScmyzbv9SMpLh78NhS4zWXU6D8hLN-0-aac26b13ebb8a7586d57d5e7cb5db584)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-iUklmCGEiAt67Mx6bHHGj7qIIFlgxCsf-0-3f315bead3a86a7317900e511efdfe4a)
(3)接地、接机壳和等电位(见表1-3)
表1-3 接地、接机壳和等电位
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_02.jpg?sign=1739617895-OaXH5pP0oXBfggRNIXefR0mqaAypGBf9-0-3731e6c3ccfdcd5c6d85de5827580647)
(4)理想电路元件(见表1-4)
表1-4 理想电路元件
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/16_03.jpg?sign=1739617895-b0EdtKIVa0l7XTQUZZFq1hsANnZTJ3x3-0-5b3ee46e7689c75415fcdcd2e701ffcf)
(5)其他常用符号(见表1-5)
表1-5 其他常用符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/17_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-HlSKwqCJkKdhvg60ZUX3nD2bOnYIOL1k-0-a8dabb04311d61cf1e35215c20bf5220)
1.1.2 常用导线及连接器件图形符号
常用导线及连接器件图形符号见表1-6。
表1-6 常用导线及连接器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/17_02.jpg?sign=1739617895-OrgsNr0lpKbZBAWDCHaWqPmOKQKOfCvR-0-e09c5cde686a469c563059b6cc464e37)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/18_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-4LkKhV0WWEf9rB242RklATqas9i3Yb3Y-0-ed0f4d8edad81d2ce13ba3b25efb47f2)
1.1.3 常用电阻器、电容器和电感器图形符号
(1)常用电阻器图形符号(见表1-7)
表1-7 常用电阻器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/18_02.jpg?sign=1739617895-TANmYa5AFAkij1XKIWMK5tasdfW2dLAj-0-5940dfcc39900924fb754f059ea4e753)
(2)常用电容器图形符号(见表1-8)
表1-8 常用电容器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/19_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-K5xvv1vhVyCbX0k91jAfwFhRaaFuwNtE-0-49d5a43cffb8dcc300502fd7ed2cc4d5)
(3)常用电感器图形符号(见表1-9)
表1-9 常用电感器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/19_02.jpg?sign=1739617895-dGsBo4oVJBY2gS1FkVAEOy0jF9xKpYDc-0-68ec098efeb7bb1d91938ae5e40b6093)
1.1.4 常用变压器图形符号
常用变压器图形符号见表1-10。
表1-10 常用变压器图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/20_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-L1ZbfpcvYsdd8EyiVzEzrc2cLCNqecS5-0-964c0d8b0a79d08e32a1252d668c700b)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/21_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-pSPH9ql7bNMGKkhoFQ0Mu3G5CZ3NPg71-0-4d6e494c366a2e679c53bf63f2f24d24)
1.1.5 常用电机图形符号
常用电机图形符号见表1-11。
表1-11 常用电机图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/22_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-WfCP0k454C0oFhXKMAUe24jOwWArBJ4p-0-f97b5c3bcb1f41dc823e09aa854c6b03)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/23_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-8u4rSW8f3RXJNkJtpgFaoimie0PXpHWs-0-86d2d13c4b7ecbfbae4916d5a822f362)
1.1.6 常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号
常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号见表1-12。
表1-12 常用开关、控制和保护装置图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/23_02.jpg?sign=1739617895-CPrphYUPq7IGcHZg8MKxxv7qBKc4ETe8-0-bedf37d4afe5417af2117b75e4be092d)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/24_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-nxUFdCmO2im52t68kpOw9prLE5TFKsS5-0-d36067c842a26db816498d32540e2078)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/25_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-Hf4MqvZdyOxJFBMiX4ZFuQCVQblfQaCU-0-f28aea3bdb5fa63ef673a5155930276e)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/26_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-cmRfx5bK3TA5YuXCGH1abWjHVAF1Uw7b-0-54165505550e47eec9264f005ac5c7e4)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/27_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-vnxTSpyR5s7omeQrgrXokUqOKmVWu0gz-0-aaf19da49cc0e784d055f13bcbfb55c6)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/28_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-q0U0IKLoQwUdMRPyefwBgZ4LengjsOBx-0-9ad52de7343b68dc90459edb7af52223)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/29_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-HUi9CQczD6k7oiQ9fPCqlNWhpGmTnHXS-0-253dad7dc1eac7b9582e0e76a3e235b1)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-CUeXWs6JJEOcrGwfIzJPqsPwg75BoJsz-0-e485afad94c53888cf62be5f77430b74)
1.1.7 常用半导体器件图形符号
(1)二极管图形符号(见表1-13)
表1-13 常用二极管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_02.jpg?sign=1739617895-IIbYAK2ZCeYE0ugmEEiD3ntnfw7sR5qZ-0-c9e37ee111a3bc4f18ba5b39e3b43fec)
(2)晶闸管图形符号(见表1-14)
表1-14 晶闸管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/30_03.jpg?sign=1739617895-sOniALdtysrRs2weublI3Qz8o9W8v0k1-0-c7aa224c287d26c0181c15718812d35b)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/31_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-SVgnRkLnGzm6MrKU7MfDtZFmsHvmlWfX-0-8786936624078ab1c403e17f16d5b109)
(3)晶体管图形符号(见表1-15)
表1-15 晶体管图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/31_02.jpg?sign=1739617895-I1xUj5k69lp4cKthRq1SNQBK6TFYxj3Y-0-d5b310982e1a3a0acd0cc42a8ca32374)
(4)光电子、光敏和磁敏器件图形符号(见表1-16)
表1-16 光电子、光敏和磁敏器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/32_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-qCKUZ4wo9DgZUztOXpeEA7rubKxUwt03-0-a15f65626bf13e4b1114095613152b70)
1.1.8 整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号
整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号见表1-17。
表1-17 整流器、逆变器和蓄电池图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/32_02.jpg?sign=1739617895-l05N0dDWIyFjWWx5XlFWHYjTyiqn46xK-0-05ee3da0eed3c4fa821b95682b0d4e6d)
1.1.9 测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号
测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号见表1-18。
表1-18 测量仪表、灯和信号器件图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/33_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-BIDH8oX02D66NjEb6byMFF6fVp6VkUMM-0-c7702f2e00d8e641f71ec4fa7f5337be)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/34_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-nS7SVRvCfZyxg7hhRUWQgmY4jAHM4S16-0-dae50ded5b9e0c9fbc573ade2ba8b62d)
1.1.10 电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号
电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号见表1-19。
表1-19 电气系统图主要电气设备图形符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/34_02.jpg?sign=1739617895-npsFFkJbXub5kzxCw4oRWJ8nx91neOjl-0-ef759a98de2340b213103c74ae3c3b55)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/35_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-9898vvq9xkJoga6FmNecGvVP3P5sOX2U-0-7e413ef83666ff4dae53bcc5461a98af)
1.1.11 电气图形符号的取向规则
电气图形符号的取向规则见表1-20。
表1-20 电气图形符号的取向规则
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/35_02.jpg?sign=1739617895-W61P1NnkzDIdNe4YBh32khGwbidYfwDo-0-02bb3d0d5daa3d824f537fa1e8e49746)
(续)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/4C7B4A/26480083709850706/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/36_01.jpg?sign=1739617895-YAXbD4kFf7Cdct677hYVRAFhkBzHKwQ5-0-c08907459c7010182f0144cd315e99bf)