List 7
继续
代表单词：continue
英文注释： go on with a particular action or in a particular condition (AHD)
拓展单词：persist
预测单词：keep on, go on, maintain, carry on, pursue
老师说词
pursue除了“追赶”意思之外，还有“继续”的意思。
例如：
If your request is denied, don't be afraid to pursue the matter.
如果你请求遭到拒绝，不要害怕，要继续追问下去。
经典例句
The disorienting effects of this mismatch between external time cues and internal schedules may persist, like our jet lag, for several days or weeks until certain cues such as the daylight/darkness cycle reset the organism's clock to synchronize with the daily rhythm of the new environment. (TPO 13)
外部时间线和内部时间表之间的不匹配所引起的混乱反应（就像我们的时差感）可能会持续数天或数周，直到某些信号（如昼夜循环）重置生物钟来和新环境的日常节奏同步。
During the last ice age, human hunters pursued large mammals across Beringia, a land whose climatic characteristics have been in dispute. (TPO 45)
在上一个冰川期，猎人们穿越白令海峡捕获大型哺乳动物，关于这一地区的气候特征一直存在争议。
连续的，持续不断的 ☆☆☆
代表单词：continuous
英文注释： uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent (AHD)
拓展单词：steadily (2014, 2015), continual (2014, 2015, 2017), relentless (2015, 2018), without pause (2018), unceasing (2015, 2016), constant (2015, 2015, 2017), consecutive, uninterrupt ed, sustained
其他考试形式： “稳定地”steadily=at any unvarying rate
老师说词
“连续的”是指在时间或者空间上动作不会被打断的状态，比如连续下了两天两夜的雨。而“继续的”是指在中间状态可能会停止，比如下了一天一夜的雨，然后停了，而第二天白天又继续下起来了。
steady这个词非常重要，已经连续考了三年。但是如果你查阅《美国传统英语词典》和《韦氏词典》都没有其直接的定义，只有在《柯林斯词典》上，注释到“A steady situation continues or develops gradually without any interruptions and is not likely to change quickly.”非常明确地指出它有“连续，持续”的意思。
relentless一词多义，有“无情的，残酷的”和“持续不断的”意思。
经典例句
China has one of the world's oldest continuous civilizations. (TPO 10)
中华文明延绵不断，是世界文明古国之一。
The result was relentless pressure to improve technique and design. (TPO 30)
结果是为改进技术和设计，不断施加压力。
Wind power is most economical in areas with steady winds. (OG）
风力发电在风能稳定的地区是最经济的发电方式。
This technological advance took many forms：one was the continual introduction from the south of earlier-ripening varieties of rice, which made possible double-cropping (the production of two harvests per year from one field). (TPO 48)
技术进步有许多形式：一个是不断从南方引进早熟的水稻品种，这种水稻可以一年两熟（每年收获两季）。
维持，保持 ☆☆☆
代表单词：sustain
英文注释： keep in existence (AHD)
拓展单词：retain (2015, 2016), maintain (2014, 2017), support (2014, 2015), keep (2015, 2016, 2017), continue (2015)
其他考试形式： “稳定地”steadily=at any unvarying rate
老师说词
sustain一般词汇书中常译为“维持”或者“保持”。但你翻开英文词典（比如《柯林斯词典》）上面明确指出是“保持，维持，使持续”的意思，即If you sustain something，you continue it or maintain it for a period of time. 2015年就考到了continue=sustain这一组同义词。
经典例句
It is now widely believed that at least some species of dinosaurs had a metabolic rate high enough for them to be endotherms (animals that maintain a relatively consistent body temperature by generating heat internally）. (TPO 33)
现在人们普遍相信至少有些恐龙具有足够高的新陈代谢速度，是恒温动物（动物通过在身体内部产生热量来维持相对不变的体温）。
At the same time, they have retained some traditional cultural practices that are associated with particular art forms. (TPO 41)
同时，他们还保留了一些与特定艺术形式相关的传统文化习俗。
Although church ritual had sustained an interest in timekeeping throughout the centuries of urban collapse that followed the fall of Rome, church time was nature's time. (TPO 30)
几个世纪以来，随着罗马逐渐没落，城市分崩离析，但人们去教堂做礼拜这一习惯并没有随着时间的流逝而改变，这种习惯已根深蒂固。
保存 ☆☆
代表单词：preserve
英文注释：maintain in safety from injury, peril, or harm (AHD)
拓展单词：retain (2015), keep (2016), maintain (2014, 2017)
预测单词：conserve
其他考试形式：“保存得很好”beautifully preserved=have suffered little damage over (2014)
老师说词
在最近考试中，常常出现的考词。
以下三个词词形比较相近，preserve和conserve都是“保持”的意思，而reserve是“保留”的意思。例如：l reserve the right to disagree.我保留持不同意见的权利。
经典例句
Stomach contents are only rarely preserved, but when present, allow us to determine exactly what these animals were eating. (TPO 48)
胃里的食物很少能保存，但如果有，就能让我们确定恐龙到底吃了什么。
The metabolism of so many termites and of the fungus that they grow in their gardens as food helps keep the interior of the nest warm and supplies some moisture to the air in the nest. (TPO 47)
这么多的白蚁和生长在花园中的食物真菌的新陈代谢有助于维持巢内的温度和巢内空气湿度。
These conditions favored the evolution of the structures that support the body, vessels that transport water and nutrients to all parts of plant, and structures that conserve water. (TPO 25)
这些条件有助于进化出那些用于支撑枝干的结构、运输水分和养分到植物各部分的导管以及储存水分的结构。
停止 ☆☆
代表单词：cease
英文注释： put an end to
拓展单词：stop (2015, 2017), end
预测单词：discontinue, come to an end
经典例句
It also explains why some of the forts continued in occupation long after Rome ceased to have any formal authority in Britain, at the beginning of the fifth century A. D. (TPO 19)
这也解释了为什么五世纪初时这些军事基地在罗马已经不再统治英国之后依然存在。
Older workers had been allowed to stop work a half hour before the regular time, and in 1601 younger works left with them. (TPO 25)
老员工被允许在正常工时结束前半个小时就下班，而到了1601年，年轻的员工也如此效仿。
中断；扰乱 ☆☆
代表单词：disrupt
英文注释：interrupt or impede the progress, movement, or procedure of (AHD)
拓展单词：upset, disturb (2016,) interfere with (2018)
预测单词：interrupt, break up
其他考试形式1：
名词“中断；扰乱”disruption=disturbance (2016)
其他考试形式2：
形容词“破坏的”disrupted=destroyed (2016)
老师说词
disrupt的考试形式比较多样，其动词，名词以及形容词形式都考过。
经典例句
If an impact is large enough, it can disturb the environment of the entire Earth and cause an ecological catastrophe. (OG）
如果这个影响足够大，它就会扰乱整个地球的环境，造成生态灾难。
Second, diverse ecosystems may be less likely to be invaded by new species, notably exotics (foreign species living outside their native range), that would disrupt the ecosystem's structure and function. (TPO 46)
第二，多样的生态系统不太可能遭到新物种的入侵，特别是会破坏生态系统结构和功能的外来物种（生活在本土范围以外的物种）。
It is already hampering the oyster harvest and the dungeness crab fishery, and it interferes with the recreational use of beaches and waterfronts. (TPO 22)
米草属植物的生长已经妨碍了牡蛎的打捞以及珍宝蟹的养殖，还干扰了人们在海滩嬉戏游玩。
停滞 ☆
代表单词：stagnation
英文注释：If something such as a business or society is stagnant, there is little activity or change.
拓展单词：lack of growth (2015)
预测单词：inactive, sluggish
老师说词
“停止”和“停滞”是有区别的，“停滞”指事物因受某种阻碍而处于原来状况下不能继续发展前进。“停止”指不再进行；不再实行。
以跑步为例，停滞时，跑步停下来但可以原地踏步，停止就是不跑了。
经典例句
The iron industry's appetite for wood was enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry was stagnating. (TPO 34)
炼铁业对木材的需求是巨大的，到1740年之前，英国的炼铁业处于停滞状态。
废除
代表单词：abolish
英文注释： do away with (AHD)
拓展单词：end
预测单词：annul, get rid of, do away with
老师说词
注意annul和annual容易混淆，前者指“废除”，后者指“每年的”。
经典例句
In 1857, in return for a payment of 63 million kronor from other commercial nations, Denmark abolished the Sound toll dues the fees it had collected since 1497 for the use of the Sound. (TPO 18)
在1857年，一些商业国家向丹麦支付了6300万克朗，作为交换，丹麦废止了自1497年以来所执行的在松德海峡征收通行费。
Photography did indeed make certain kinds of painting obsolete—the daguerreotype virtually did away with the portrait miniature. (TPO 22)
摄影术的确使某些绘画种类变得过时了，银板照相法几乎把迷你肖像画逼到了绝路。
移除 ☆☆☆
代表单词：remove
英文注释： get rid of (MWD)
拓展单词：eliminate (2014, 2017), eradicate (2016)
预测单词：exterminate, terminate, banish
经典例句
When the ants are removed, the trees usually die, probably because herbivores damage them so much that they are unable to compete with surrounding vegetation for light and growing space. (TPO 17)
当蚂蚁被清除后，这些树通常就会死亡，可能是因为食草动物对它们的破坏太大，以致它们无法与周围的植被竞争光照和生长空间。
Therefore, from the stand point of diversity, it is usually a mistake to eliminate a major predator from a community. (TPO 27)
因此，从多样性的角度来看，从一个群落中淘汰一个主要的掠食者通常是错误的。
This disruption of food chain and climate would have eradicated the dinosaurs and other organisms in less than fifty years. (TPO 8)
这种对食物链和气候的破坏将在不到五十年的时间里彻底消灭恐龙和其他生物。
同时发生的 ☆☆☆
代表单词：simultaneous
英文注释：happening, existing, or done at the same time (AHD)
拓展单词：at the same time (2014, 2017)
其他考试形式1：
“同时发生”coincide with=happened at the same time (2014), coincide=occur together (2014), coincide with=meet (2014)
其他考试形式2： “立刻”in the same breath=immediately
老师说词
simultaneous在2014至2015年至少出现过五次，2017年也考了多次。
meet这个词在2014年考了其“同时发生的”这个意项。例如：The hopes and fears of all the years are met in thee tonight.这些年来所有的希望与恐惧，今晚同时发生在你身上。
经典例句
Petrifaction may also involve a simultaneous exchange of the original substance of a dead plant or animal with mineral matter of a different composition. (TPO 20)
石化还可能同时涉及死亡的动植物的原有物质与成分不同的矿物质之间的交换作用。
Others have blamed extinction on competition from the mammals, which allegedly ate all the dinosaur eggs—except that mammals and dinosaurs appeared at the same time in the Late Triassic, about 190 million years ago, and there is no reason to believe that mammals suddenly acquired a taste for dinosaur eggs after 120 million years of coexistence. (TPO 42)
也有科学家将恐龙的灭绝归咎于其他哺乳动物的竞争，据说是它们吃掉了所有的恐龙蛋——但是，哺乳动物和恐龙都生活在约一亿九千万年前的晚三叠世，没理由说哺乳动物在和恐龙共同生活了一亿两千万年之后，忽然爱吃恐龙蛋了。
巧合 ☆
代表单词：coincidence
英文注释：A sequence of events that although accidental seems to have been planned or arranged. (AHD)
拓展单词：at the same time and by chance (2014)
预测单词：happenstance
老师说词
“巧合”指的是发生得如此偶然，好像是提前安排好的一样。比如一个班里有两个人的生日相同，这就是巧合。由于其还有“偶然性”的含义，所以在2014年的一道考题中，正确选项是at the same time and by chance，即不但“同时”而且还很“偶然”。
和……一致 ☆☆
代表单词：coincide (with)
英文注释： agree exactly, as in opinion (AHD)
拓展单词：correspond to (2016), cohere with (2015)
预测单词：agree on
其他考试形式1： 名词“同意”consensus=agreement
其他考试形式2： 形容词“一致性的”consistent=uniform (2014)
经典例句
This forehead rubbing behavior coincides with a high level of glandular activity in the modified scent glands found on the foreheads of male deer. (TPO 28)
这种前额摩擦行为与雄鹿前额上的改良气味腺的高度腺体活动一致。
Consistent with this idea, according to the investigators, is the fact that the art of the cultural period that followed the Upper Paleolithic also seems to reflect how people got their food. (TPO 4)
研究人员认为，与这一观点相一致的是，旧石器时代晚期之后的文化艺术似乎也反映了人们是如何获得食物的。
The effect of thigmothermy is especially evident in the Andean toad during rainfall：its body temperature corresponds to the temperature of the warm earth and not to the much cooler air temperature. (TPO 40)
对在安第斯蟾蜍来说，热传导效应在降雨天效果尤其明显：体温随着温度较高的地表上升而不受冷空气的低温影响。
In the multiplicity of small-scale local egalitarian or quasi-egalitarian organizations for fellowship, worship, and production that flourished in this laissez-faire environment, individuals could interact with one another within a community of harmony and ideological equality, following their own popularly elected leaders and governing themselves by shared consensus while minimizing distinctions of wealth and power. (TPO 16)
在那些以团队协作、尊重信仰和扩大生产为目的而在当地建立的主张平等或者类似于平等主义的各种小规模组织中，人们能够在一个和谐且思想平等的团体中与他人互动，能够选举出他们喜欢的领袖并追随其后，还可以在缩小财富和权力差距的同时，在管理方面达成共识。
阻止 ☆☆
代表单词：prevent
英文注释： keep from happening (AHD)
拓展单词：inhibit (2014), prohibit (2015)
预测单词：preclude, forbid, foreclose, forestall
老师说词
注意区分inhibit意为“阻止”而inhabit意为“居住”。
经典例句
In Europe it took a little longer, mainly because there were more small producers for whom the costs of sound were prohibitive, and in other parts of the world problems with rights or access to equipment delayed the shift to sound production for a few more years. (TPO 12)
欧洲要稍晚一些，主要因为欧洲有更多的小型制片人，他们无法负担过于高昂的音效成本，而且在世界其他地方，版权问题以及获取设备的问题使得制作有声电影这一转变延误了很多年。
Some oil lies under regions where drilling is forbidden, such as national parks or other public lands. (TPO 4)
有些石油开采点位于禁止钻探的地区，如国家公园或其他公共土地。
排除 ☆☆
代表短语：rule out
英文注释： prevent from entering (AHD)
拓展单词：exclude (2016, 2017), kept out (2017)
预测单词：ban, eliminate
经典例句
When food was added to those plots (no food effect) and predators were excluded (no predator effect) from an experimental area, hare numbers increased tenfold and stayed there—the cycle was lost. (TPO 27)
当食物被添加到这些区域（没有食物效应），而食肉动物被排除在实验区域之外（没有捕食者效应）时，野兔的数量增加了十倍，并且维持这个数量不变——这个食物链就断了。
Therefore, from the stand point of diversity, it is usually a mistake to eliminate a major predator from a community. (TPO 27)
因此，从多样性的角度说，从一个种群中消除一个主要捕食者通常是错误的决定。
规则 ☆
代表单词：norm
英文注释：a standard, model, or pattern regarded astypical (AHD)
拓展单词：rule (2014)
预测单词：standard, criterion, pattern, model, measure
经典例句
Primary groups, then, serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them. (TPO 13)
于是，主要群体既是社会规范的传播者，又是它们的强制执行者。
According to computerized climate models, global temperatures fell to near the freezing point, photosynthesis halted, and most plants on land and in the sea died. (TPO 42)
根据计算机模拟的气候模式，全球气温下降到接近冰点、光合作用停止，陆地和海洋中的大部分植物都会死掉。